In nature, the wheel is unknown: it is one of the greatest inventions of mankind. Originally, the wheel is a simple wooden disc, which was updated over the millennia to a wooden wheel with spokes.

Already the first Benz cars were on the wooden wheels with rubber tires coach roles. In the late 19th Century was invented pneumatic wheel. Its development was parallel with the development of the car. In 1910 a cross-section of the tire looked like this:

the so-called super - - cylinder since the late 40's tires with a width greater than the amount produced. This was followed by tires with low and ultra-low cross-section, in which the ratio between height and width was reduced to 80%, Today is the ratio of height to width of 65% for most standard vehicles. Finally, modern summer tires are wider - now the ratio of height to width is reduced to 30%. However, such ultra-wide tires are specially made for sports cars.

Modern radial tires for passenger cars belong to 25 different structural units and up to 12 different blends. The basic elements of design are the framework and the protector. Goal is to keep a skeleton bus depreciation of property and maintenance of the tires for that amount of air required. After the load is not a tire and air pressure. Protector, however, provides lower rolling resistance, optimum driving stability and a high km

At the beginning of its development framework consisting of a rubberized canvas with the shuttle and weft threads. Crossed Threads rubbed against each other, resulting in a relatively short time, then by bus

is why in 1923, Continental began newly developed cable shall tissue. This cord tissue was kept only in the shuttle-thread bearing legs and coated with rubber. Made as mature were much longer.

Diagonal carcass consists of a series of cable rubber gasket edges, the string around the wire ring terminals (these bars offer bus landed on the disk).

The number of layers determines the load bus. Cross-ply tires for passenger cars are usually two to six layers rayonovogo or nylon cord. When it comes to tires for trucks, light duty, then and now about the tires 6 or 8 PR (Ply Rating = load, depending on the number of layers) discussion

The individual layers of the position bias tire wound alternately in a certain angle. This so-called wrap angle is determined, in particular the performance of tires: an obtuse angle of winding improves ride comfort but also reduces the lateral stability. Acute angle of winding improves the stability at the expense of ride comfort

This task takes the belt steel cord in which the two layers wound alternately at an acute angle. Many tires are additionally stabilized nylon bandage

replaced in modern car radial tires, and fully understood the diagonal bus

seen arranged in the radial tire carcass cords at right angles to the direction, ie from the side in the radial direction. With this design, not only frames can withstand the efforts in the transverse direction while driving on a curve, as well as heavy loads during acceleration. They should be supported and supplemented by other elements of the tire.